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Life expectancy is most often calculated at birth, but it can be broken down to all ages of life, for example at age 65 (Insee, data visualization); it then illustrates the remaining lifespan "under the mortality conditions of the year" of people who survived to this age. This approach is particularly useful when we are interested in the lifespan of people beyond a certain age, as is the case in the context of discussions on retirement age for example, but also to identify at which ages the gains (or losses) in life expectancy are concentrated (Papon, 2019).

Life expectancy is usually broken down by gender, but it can also gambling data india be broken down by other characteristics such as education, social category (Blanpain, 2024) or even standard of living (Blanpain, 2018).

A decline in life expectancy in a given year is not necessarily sustainable.
Life expectancy fell sharply between 2019 and 2020, due to the Covid-19 pandemic: men lost 0.6 years of life expectancy at birth and women 0.5 years. This decline appears very marked, given past trends and the upward trend in life expectancy (Figure 2) .

Figure 2 – Life expectancy at birth for women and men from 2000 to 2024
Life expectancy at birth for women and men from 2000 to 2024
Scope: France excluding Mayotte until 2014 and including Mayotte from 2014.
Source: Insee, population estimates and civil status statistics.